5 October 1910 revolution — Portugal becomes a republic, 1910

5 October 1910 revolution — Portugal becomes a republic

After two days of fighting in Lisbon between republican soldiers and sailors and troops loyal to the crown, the Republic was proclaimed from the balcony of the city hall; King Manuel II went into exile, and the monarchy of nearly eight centuries came to an end.

Date

5 October 1910exact date

Place

Lisbontoday: Lisbon, Portugal · Western and Central Europe

Participants

Kingdom of Portugal, First Portuguese Republic, Manuel II of Portugal

Threads

History of Portugal since the Battle of Aljubarrota

Also known as

Implantação da República; Proclamation of the Portuguese Republic; Провозглашение Португальской республики

The monarchy had been discredited by the Ultimatum of 1890, the state bankruptcy of 1892 and the dictatorship of João Franco. On 1 February 1908 King Carlos I and his heir Luís Filipe were shot dead on the Terreiro do Paço by members of the secret society Carbonária, and the young Manuel II could not restore stability. The uprising prepared by the Republican Party and the Carbonária began on the night of 3–4 October 1910: rebel units under Machado Santos entrenched themselves on the Rotunda, and warships in the Tagus attacked the royal palace of Necessidades.

On the morning of 5 October the Republic was proclaimed. A provisional government under Teófilo Braga introduced a new flag and anthem and pursued a harshly anticlerical policy; Manuel II sailed from Ericeira into exile and spent the rest of his life in England. The First Republic adopted a constitution in 1911 but remained deeply unstable and was overthrown by a military coup on 28 May 1926.

Connections

Causes and preconditions

British Ultimatum of 189011 January 1890 · Western and Central Europethe humiliation of 1890 turned many Portuguese against the monarchy

Consequences

Salazar’s Estado Novo: the Constitution of 193319 March 1933 · Western and Central Europethe instability of the First Republic ended in the military coup of 1926, from which Salazar’s regime emerged

Same place

Expulsion and forced conversion of the Jews of Portugal5 December 1496 – October 1497 · Western and Central Europe

Vasco da Gama’s first voyage to India8 July 1497 – between August and September 1499 · Western and Central Europe

Publication of The Lusiads1572 · Western and Central Europe

Restoration of Portuguese independence1 December 1640 · Western and Central Europe

Lisbon earthquake1 November 1755 · Western and Central Europe

Carnation Revolution25 April 1974 · Western and Central Europe

5 October 1910 revolution — Portugal becomes a republic

Connections

Causes and preconditions

Consequences

Same place

The same period

Sources