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East Asia (6th–10th c.)Science and technology

Jia Sixie writes the Qimin yaoshu

Jia Sixie, a governor of Gaoyang under the Northern Wei, compiled the Qimin yaoshu, ‘Essential Techniques for the Welfare of the People’, in ten books and 92 chapters — the oldest fully preserved Chinese treatise on farming, covering field crops, orchards, silkworms, livestock and the making of wine, sauces and vinegar.

Date
between 533 and 544exact date unknown: an interval is given
Place
Shouguang (Yidu), home of Jia Sixieapproximate locationtoday: Shouguang, Weifang, Shandong, China · East Asia
Participants
Jia Sixie, Northern Wei, Eastern Wei
Threads
East Asia (6th–10th c.)
Also known as
Qimin yaoshu; Ch’i-min yao-shu; Essential Techniques for the Welfare of the People; Цимин яошу; Ци минь яо шу; 齊民要術

Almost nothing is known about the author. The book names him only once, as governor of Gaoyang under the ‘Later Wei’, that is, the Northern Wei; there were two commanderies of that name, and scholars disagree which one he governed. He came from Yidu, in modern Shouguang in Shandong, and was probably related to two officials of the Jia family recorded in the Book of Wei. According to the English and Chinese Wikipedia the book was completed in 544, under the Eastern Wei, one of the two states into which the Northern Wei had split; another view places its writing between 533 and 544.

The ten books describe the farming of the lower Yellow River basin: ploughing, seed selection and the growing of grain, beans, hemp and vegetables; orchards and the planting of trees; mulberries and silkworms; the raising of livestock and poultry and the keeping of fish, with veterinary remedies; and the making of wine, fermented sauces, vinegar and dairy foods — some 280 recipes in all. The last book lists more than a hundred plants from beyond the borders of the Northern Wei. Jia combined his own experience with quotations from nearly 200 earlier works, among them the Han-period manuals Fan Shengzhi shu and Simin yueling.

The Qimin yaoshu became one of the most influential Chinese agricultural treatises and was copied and cited by scholars from the Tang to the Qing; part of a Northern Song printed edition survives in Japan.

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Sources

  1. Wikipedia (English): Qimin Yaoshu
  2. Wikipedia (English): Jia Sixie
  3. Wikipedia (Chinese): 齊民要術
  4. Цимин яошу (кит. текст, Викитека)
  5. Bray F. Science and Civilisation in China. Vol. 6: Biology and Biological Technology. Part 2: Agriculture. — Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
  6. Wikidata: Q767586