Jia Sixie writes the Qimin yaoshu
Jia Sixie, a governor of Gaoyang under the Northern Wei, compiled the Qimin yaoshu, ‘Essential Techniques for the Welfare of the People’, in ten books and 92 chapters — the oldest fully preserved Chinese treatise on farming, covering field crops, orchards, silkworms, livestock and the making of wine, sauces and vinegar.
- Date
- between 533 and 544exact date unknown: an interval is given
- Place
- Shouguang (Yidu), home of Jia Sixieapproximate locationtoday: Shouguang, Weifang, Shandong, China · East Asia
- Participants
- Jia Sixie, Northern Wei, Eastern Wei
- Threads
- East Asia (6th–10th c.)
- Also known as
- Qimin yaoshu; Ch’i-min yao-shu; Essential Techniques for the Welfare of the People; Цимин яошу; Ци минь яо шу; 齊民要術
Almost nothing is known about the author. The book names him only once, as governor of Gaoyang under the ‘Later Wei’, that is, the Northern Wei; there were two commanderies of that name, and scholars disagree which one he governed. He came from Yidu, in modern Shouguang in Shandong, and was probably related to two officials of the Jia family recorded in the Book of Wei. According to the English and Chinese Wikipedia the book was completed in 544, under the Eastern Wei, one of the two states into which the Northern Wei had split; another view places its writing between 533 and 544.
The ten books describe the farming of the lower Yellow River basin: ploughing, seed selection and the growing of grain, beans, hemp and vegetables; orchards and the planting of trees; mulberries and silkworms; the raising of livestock and poultry and the keeping of fish, with veterinary remedies; and the making of wine, fermented sauces, vinegar and dairy foods — some 280 recipes in all. The last book lists more than a hundred plants from beyond the borders of the Northern Wei. Jia combined his own experience with quotations from nearly 200 earlier works, among them the Han-period manuals Fan Shengzhi shu and Simin yueling.
The Qimin yaoshu became one of the most influential Chinese agricultural treatises and was copied and cited by scholars from the Tang to the Qing; part of a Northern Song printed edition survives in Japan.
Connections
Related events
- The Northern Wei splits into the Eastern and Western Wei22 August 534 – 18 February 535 · East AsiaBy one dating the book was completed in 544 under the Eastern Wei, one of the two halves of the divided Northern Wei
Same participants
- The rebellion of Hou Jing and the fall of Jiankang27 September 548 – between 20 May and 7 June 552 · East Asiavia Eastern Wei
Adjacent events in the thread
- Buddhism reaches Japan from Baekjebetween 538 and 552 · East Asia
Meanwhile in the world
Other regions, within a year of this event
Western and Central Europe
- Volcanic winter of 536between 535 and 536 – 537
- Gothic War (535–554)535–554
- Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britainbetween 410 and 449 – between 550 and 625
Eastern Europe
- Early Slavic cultures: Prague-Korchak, Penkovka and Kolochinc. 450 – c. 700
- Kyi, Shchek and Khoryv: the legendary founding of Kyivbetween 500 and 700
Balkans and Anatolia
- Construction of Hagia Sophia23 February 532 – 27 December 537
- Plague of Justinian541–549
- Corpus Juris Civilis7 April 529 – 16 November 534
- Nika riots13–18 January 532
- Reign of Justinian I1 August 527 – 14 November 565
Middle East and Egypt
- Sack of Antioch by Khosrow IJune 540
- Reign of Khosrow I Anushirvan531–579
Africa
- Vandalic WarJune 533 – March 534
- Reign of Kaleb of Aksumbetween 510 and 514 – between 530 and 542
- Christianization of the Nubian kingdoms543–580
Central and Northern Asia
South Asia
- Pulakeshin I fortifies Vatapi: the rise of the Chalukyas of Badami543
- Varahamihira compiles the Pancha-siddhantikabetween 505 and 587
- Yashodharman defeats the Huna king Mihirakulabetween 525 and 532
- The Alchon Huns invade India: Toramana and Mihirakulabetween 496 and 500 – between 528 and 534
- The later caves of Ajanta under the Vakataka king Harishenabetween 460 and 480 – between 480 and 550
Southeast Asia and Oceania
- Funan’s embassy of 539 and the hair of the Buddha539
- Lý Bí’s rising against the Liang and the kingdom of Vạn Xuânbetween 541 and 542 – 548
- The inscriptions of Purnavarman, king of Taruma in western Javabetween 400 and 600
- Gold pendant copying a coin of Antoninus Pius at Óc Eobetween 152 and 600
- Óc Eo, the port of Funanbetween 1 and 100 – between 601 and 700
North America
- Basketmaker III: pottery, beans and the bow on the Colorado Plateauc. 500 – c. 750
- The Late Woodland period in eastern North Americac. 500 – c. 1000
Latin America
- Teotihuacan at its height: the largest city of the Americasc. 250 – c. 550
- Nazca culture and the Nazca Linesbetween 200 and 100 BC – between 500 and 800
The same period
Sources
- Wikipedia (English): Qimin Yaoshu
- Wikipedia (English): Jia Sixie
- Wikipedia (Chinese): 齊民要術
- Цимин яошу (кит. текст, Викитека)
- Bray F. Science and Civilisation in China. Vol. 6: Biology and Biological Technology. Part 2: Agriculture. — Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
- Wikidata: Q767586