Shaybani Khan destroys the Timurid Empire
Within seven years the Uzbek khan Muhammad Shaybani, a grandson of Abu’l-Khayr, took Transoxiana, Khwarazm and Khorasan from the feuding Timurids; Babur lost Samarkand, and with the fall of Herat in 1507 the Timurid Empire ceased to exist.
- Date
- 1500 – 27 May 1507start: year known; end: exact date · duration: ≈ 7 years
- Place
- Samarkandtoday: Samarkand, Uzbekistan · Central and Northern Asia
- Route
- Turkistan (Yasi) → Bukhara → Samarkand → Urgench (Konye-Urgench) → Balkh → Herat
- Participants
- Muhammad Shaybani, Babur, Timurid Empire
- Threads
- Asia and Africa in the 15th and 16th centuries
- Also known as
- Конец державы Тимуридов; Завоевание Мавераннахра
In 1500 Shaybani’s troops occupied Samarkand. Babur briefly managed to retake the city, but in 1501 the khan defeated him and besieged him in Samarkand; Babur was able to leave only by giving his sister Khanzada Begum to Shaybani in marriage. Samarkand became the capital of the new Shaybanid dynasty. Urgench (1505) and Balkh (1506) fell next, and in May 1507 the khutba was read in the name of Shaybani Khan in the congregational mosque of Herat.
Having lost his homeland, Babur established himself in Kabul in 1504 and later turned to India. Shaybani himself was killed in 1510 in battle with Shah Ismail I near Merv, but Transoxiana remained in Uzbek hands. The route shows the sequence of conquests, not the path of a single campaign.
Connections
Consequences
- First Battle of Panipat21 April 1526 · South Asiadriven out of Transoxiana by the Shaybanids, Babur settled in Kabul and from there advanced into India
Related events
- Founding of the Kazakh Khanatebetween 1465 and 1471 · Central and Northern AsiaShaybani was a grandson of Abu’l-Khayr, from whom the founders of the Kazakh Khanate had broken away; Uzbeks and Kazakhs long fought over the steppe and the towns of the Syr Darya
- Ismail I proclaimed shah in Tabriz1501 · Middle East and EgyptShaybanid–Safavid rivalry: in 1510 Shaybani Khan was killed in battle with Ismail I near Merv
Same place
- Siege of SamarkandMarch 1220 · Central and Northern Asia
Adjacent events in the thread
- Battle of Diu3 February 1509 · South Asia
Meanwhile in the world
Other regions, within a year of this event
Western and Central Europe
- Waldseemüller mapApril 1507
- Vasco da Gama’s first voyage to India8 July 1497 – between August and September 1499
- Leonardo da Vinci’s Last Supperc. 1495 – 1498
Eastern Europe
- Battle of Vedrosha14 July 1500
Middle East and Egypt
- Ismail I proclaimed shah in Tabriz1501
- Portuguese conquest of Hormuz25 September 1507 – 1 April 1515
Africa
- Askia Muhammad’s pilgrimage to Meccabetween 1495 and 1497 – between 1497 and 1498
North America
Latin America
- Discovery of Brazil by Cabral’s expedition22 April 1500
The same period
Sources
- Wikipedia (English): Muhammad Shaybani
- Wikipedia (English): Babur
- Wikipedia (Russian): Мухаммед Шейбани
- Wikipedia (Russian): Империя Тимуридов
- Ахмедов Б. А. Государство кочевых узбеков. — М.: Наука, 1965.