Europe and the Ottoman Empire: the end of the Middle AgesWars and battles
Wars of the Roses
A series of civil wars over the English throne between the supporters of two branches of the Plantagenet dynasty, the houses of Lancaster and York.
- Date
- 22 May 1455 – between 1485 and 1487start: exact date; end: exact date unknown: an interval is given · duration: ≈ 31 yearsDate in the Julian calendar
- Place
- Englandapproximate locationWestern and Central Europe
- Participants
- House of Lancaster, House of York, Henry VII, Richard III, Kingdom of England
- Threads
- Europe and the Ottoman Empire: the end of the Middle Ages
The first major clash took place at St Albans on 22 May 1455. The war is usually dated 1455–1485, ending with Henry Tudor’s victory at Bosworth, but some fighting went on until 1487, so the end date is given as a range. The war destroyed a large part of the English nobility and brought the Tudor dynasty to power.
Connections
Causes and preconditions
- Battle of Castillon17 July 1453 · Western and Central Europedefeat in the Hundred Years’ War undermined the authority of Henry VI and the Lancastrians; according to one account, the news of Castillon brought on the king’s mental breakdown, which opened the way to civil strife
Includes
- Battle of Bosworth Field22 August 1485 · Western and Central Europe
Adjacent events in the thread
- Siege of Belgrade (1456)4–22 July 1456 · Balkans and Anatolia
- Battle of Otlukbeli11 August 1473 · Balkans and Anatolia
Meanwhile in the world
Other regions, within a year of this event
Eastern Europe
- Marriage of Ivan III and Sophia Palaiologina12 November 1472
- Construction of the Kremlin’s Dormition Cathedral1475 – August 1479
- Muscovite–Novgorodian War (1477–1478)9 October 1477 – 15 January 1478
- Accession of Ivan III27 March 1462
- Great Stand on the Ugra River8 October – 11 November 1480
+ 1 event
Balkans and Anatolia
- Battle of Otlukbeli11 August 1473
- Siege of Belgrade (1456)4–22 July 1456
Africa
- Sonni Ali takes Timbuktubetween 1468 and 1469
- Founding of São Jorge da Mina (Elmina)January 1482
- Voyage of Bartolomeu Dias around the southern tip of Africabetween July and August 1487 – December 1488
Central and Northern Asia
- Founding of the Kazakh Khanatebetween 1465 and 1471
- Muscovite campaign across the Urals against Pelym and Yugra9 May – 1 October 1483
South Asia
- Afanasy Nikitin’s Journey Beyond the Three Seasbetween 1466 and 1468 – between 1472 and 1474
East Asia
- Ōnin War1467–1477
Southeast Asia and Oceania
- Đại Việt crushes Champa: the fall of VijayaNovember 1470 – March 1471