Independence of Brazil
On the banks of the Ipiranga brook in São Paulo, Prince Regent Pedro, son of John VI, proclaimed Brazil’s independence from Portugal; a month later he was acclaimed Emperor Pedro I.
- Date
- 7 September 1822exact date
- Place
- Banks of the Ipiranga (São Paulo)today: Independence Park, São Paulo, Brazil · Latin America
- Participants
- Pedro I of Brazil, Empire of Brazil, Kingdom of Portugal, John VI of Portugal
- Threads
- History of Portugal since the Battle of Aljubarrota
- Also known as
- Grito do Ipiranga; Cry of Ipiranga; Клич Ипиранги; Independência do Brasil
Since 1815 Brazil had been a kingdom equal in rank to Portugal, and when John VI returned to Lisbon in 1821 he left Pedro as regent. The Cortes in Lisbon, however, sought to restore colonial controls and demanded Pedro’s return; on 9 January 1822 he declared that he would stay (“Dia do Fico”). On 7 September, on his way back to Rio, he received letters telling him that the Cortes had annulled the acts of his government, and declared Brazil independent — the “Cry of Ipiranga”. He was acclaimed emperor in Rio de Janeiro on 12 October and crowned on 1 December 1822.
Portuguese garrisons in Bahia, Maranhão, Grão-Pará and Cisplatina resisted; the Portuguese left Salvador only on 2 July 1823, and the last troops departed in 1824. Portugal recognised Brazil’s independence by the treaty of 29 August 1825 in return for compensation. Brazil kept its unity as a monarchy ruled by a branch of the House of Braganza.
Connections
Causes and preconditions
- Transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil29 November 1807 – 8 March 1808 · Latin Americathirteen years of the court in Rio raised Brazil to the rank of a kingdom
- Liberal Revolution of 182024 August 1820 · Western and Central Europethe Cortes’ attempt to restore colonial rule over Brazil drove it to independence
Same participants
- British Ultimatum of 189011 January 1890 · Western and Central Europevia Kingdom of Portugal
Meanwhile in the world
Other regions, within 25 years of this event
Western and Central Europe
- Liberal Revolution of 182024 August 1820
- Holy Alliance14 (26) September 1815
- Battle of Waterloo18 June 1815
- Hundred Days20 March – 8 July 1815
- Napoleon’s return from Elba26 February – 20 March 1815
+ 22 events
Eastern Europe
- Battle of the Berezina14 (26) November 1812 – 17 (29) November 1812
- French invasion of Russia24 June – 14 December 1812
- Fire of Moscow (1812)2 (14) September 1812 – 6 (18) September 1812
- Battle of Borodino26 August (7 September) 1812
- First Russian circumnavigation26 July (7 August) 1803 – 7 (19) August 1806
+ 1 event
Balkans and Anatolia
- Treaty of Bucharest16 (28) May 1812
- First Serbian Uprising14 February 1804 – 7 October 1813
- Siege and capture of Corfu24 October (4 November) 1798 – 20 February (3 March) 1799
Middle East and Egypt
- Treaty of Gulistan12 (24) October 1813
- Muhammad Ali becomes ruler of EgyptMay 1805
- French invasion of Egypt and Syria19 May 1798 – 2 September 1801
- Battle of the Nile1–3 August 1798
- Battle of the Pyramids21 July 1798
Africa
- Death of Napoleon on Saint Helena5 May 1821
- Jihad of Usman dan Fodio21 February 1804 – 1808
- Battle of Blaauwberg and the capture of the Cape Colony8–18 January 1806
Central and Northern Asia
- Syrym Datuly’s uprising1783–1797
South Asia
- Battle of Assaye23 September 1803
- Ranjit Singh proclaimed Maharaja of the Punjab12 April 1801
- Fall of Seringapatam and death of Tipu Sultan5 April – 4 May 1799
East Asia
- Rezanov’s embassy to Japan26 September (8 October) 1804 – April 1805
- Catholic persecution of 1801 in Korea22 February – 10 December 1801
- White Lotus Rebellionbetween 1794 and 1796 – 1804
Southeast Asia and Oceania
- Eruption of Mount Tambora5–11 April 1815
- British conquest of Java4 August – 18 September 1811
- Rum Rebellion26 January 1808
- Gia Long unifies Vietnam and founds the Nguyễn dynasty1 June 1802
North America
- Year Without a Summer1816
- War of 181218 June 1812 – 17 February 1815
- Founding of Fort RossMarch – 30 August (11 September) 1812
- Lewis and Clark Expedition14 May 1804 – 23 September 1806
- Louisiana Purchase30 April – 20 December 1803
The same period
Sources
- Wikipedia (English): Independence of Brazil
- Wikipedia (English): Pedro I of Brazil
- Wikipedia (Russian): Движение за независимость Бразилии
- Wikipedia (Russian): Педру I (император Бразилии)
- Barman R. J. Brazil: The Forging of a Nation, 1798–1852. — Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1988.
- Wikidata: Q1548600